Arthrocentesis and Intra-articular Injections: A Modern Approach to Jaw Joint Pain

When we talk about oral health, teeth usually come to mind first; however, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays a central role in important functions such as chewing, speaking and facial expressions. Disorders of this joint can seriously affect quality of life with symptoms such as pain, limited movement, locking or clicking.

Modern jaw surgery offers effective non-surgical solutions to these problems. Arthrocentesis and intra-articular injection therapies, in particular, stand out due to their rapid effect and high patient comfort. In this article, we will examine both these techniques and the joint diseases in which they are applied in detail.

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders and Types

Jaw joint disorders can be studied in a wide range. Arthrocentesis and injection treatments are frequently preferred, especially in the following disease groups:

1. Disk Displacements

The disc in the jaw joint is located between the lower jawbone and the skull, and its proper functioning is critical for joint mobility.

• Reductable Disc Dysplasia: The disc dislocates during joint movement but returns to its normal position. A ‘clicking’ sound is heard during opening and closing.
• Non-reducing Disk Displacement: The disk is displaced and cannot return to its normal position during movement. This condition is often accompanied by noticeable limitation in mouth opening.

In both cases, arthrocentesis is highly effective in removing inflammatory substances around the disk and restoring joint mobility.

2. Inflammatory Joint Diseases

• Synovitis (inflammation of the joint membrane)
• Capsulitis (inflammation of the joint capsule)
• Osteoarthritis (degeneration of cartilage and changes in bone tissue)

In these cases, there may be an increase in joint fluid, pain, swelling, and loss of function. Both arthrocentesis and intra-articular injections (especially corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid) provide therapeutic effects in these conditions.

3. Traumatic Joint Disorders

Following trauma, microscopic or macroscopic damage may occur in the joint. In such cases, management of the inflammatory process and application of healing agents may be necessary.

What is Arthrocentesis and How is it Performed?

Arthrocentesis is the process of washing out inflammatory substances from the joint by injecting sterile serum into the jaw joint. Protein residues, cellular breakdown products, and irritants accumulated in the joint are removed, thereby providing mechanical and chemical relief.

When is it Performed?

• Difficulty or limitation in opening the mouth
• Episodes of locking
• Sudden and severe pain attacks in the joint
• Clicking or popping sounds during opening and closing

Arthrocentesis is a non-invasive treatment method and is generally recommended as the first-line therapy.

Intra-articular Injections: Reparative and Supportive Treatment

While some patients experience complete recovery after arthroscopy, in some cases, supportive injection treatments may be applied depending on the degree of joint damage. These injections are administered directly into the joint cavity and have various effects depending on the substance used:

Main Substances Used

• Hyaluronic Acid: Increases the lubrication of joint fluid and reduces friction.
• PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma): Initiates the natural healing process thanks to growth factors obtained from the patient’s own blood.
• Corticosteroids: Provide a powerful anti-inflammatory effect; rapidly reduce pain and swelling.

These substances are selected on an individual basis according to the severity of the disease, the patient’s age and accompanying disorders.

Post-Procedure Process and Precautions

• Mild swelling, temporary pain, or sensitivity may occur after the procedure.
• Intense jaw movements should be avoided for the first 24–48 hours.
• Significant improvement in symptoms is typically observed within one week.
• If necessary, treatment can be repeated every 6–12 months.

Frequently Asked Questions

Will I experience pain after arthrocentesis?

Generally, there is mild and temporary discomfort; pain relievers are rarely needed.

Is PRP or cortisone better?

Both are used for different purposes. PRP offers regenerative treatment, while cortisone provides suppressive therapy. They can be combined depending on the situation.

How long does the treatment last?

Although it varies from case to case, lasting benefits can be achieved for 6–12 months.

Permanent Solutions for Jaw Health with a Personalised Approach

Jaw joint diseases can lead to permanent structural damage and a decrease in quality of life if not treated in time. However, early diagnosis, proper patient selection, and modern treatment methods can prevent this negative outcome.

Arthrocentesis and intra-articular injections offer an effective, safe, and comfortable solution for a wide range of conditions, from reduction and non-reduction disc dysplasia to inflammatory diseases. A personalised treatment plan should be developed for each patient, and the process should be managed by a specialist.

If you are experiencing similar issues with your jaw joint, don’t delay—consult an expert and regain your quality of life.

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